What is an adsl connection. Splitters and microfilters. In old firmware
If you connected to the provider, entered into an agreement and received a modem, then
ADSL modems must be configured disconnected from the telephone line, with the exception of modems connected to a computer via a USB port. PVC parameters should be specified in the technical support of the provider. For example, at Rostelecom In most cases VPI-0 VCI-33. In the configuration example, we will use these parameters.
Set up an ADSL modem
can be done in two ways, either Bridge, or router. Problems may arise when logging into the modem to configure it.
If you access the modem using Internet Explorer fails, then check IP addresses on the network card (they must be from the same subnet as on the modem) and set the default settings of the browser itself.
For modems with USB driver installation must be started without connecting the modem to the computer until the operating system itself asks to do this.
Windows OS with all basic components installed can be considered the most efficient and easy to configure.
When setting up an ADSL connection, it is better not to run unknown applications, use anti-virus and protection programs (Windows Firewall, Firewall, etc.). Also, do not let your network details (login, password) become known to strangers.
Instructions for independent ADSL connection:
Equipment required to connect to the network Internet no ADSL
To connect to the Internet using ADSL technology, you need:
— A computer:
— ADSL modem;
— Splitter;
A set of cables for connecting the modem to the telephone network and a computer. Computer requirements:
Network card with Ethernet 10/100Base-T interface (if the modem is with Ethernet] or USB interface (if the modem is with USB);
Operating system any of the following: Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8.
Equipment connection procedure:
1. Connect the splitter to the telephone line;
2. Connect a telephone set and a modem to the splitter;
3. Connect your computer to the modem.
ADSL modem connection scheme:
Installing an ADSL Splitter
connect connector LINE on a splitter with a telephone socket (line). If you have old-style telephone sockets (five-pin) installed, you will need to purchase an adapter for an euro connector (RJ11).
ATTENTION: if you have multiple telephone jacks or parallel telephone sets, then the splitter must be installed before all branches of your telephone line. For a stable connection, it is very important that there are no unreliable contacts (twists, etc.) on the telephone line to the splitter and from the splitter to the modem.
Connecting an ADSL modem
Connect the modem connector with the inscription DSL or WAN with labeled splitter connector MODEM using the telephone cable supplied with the modem. connect port LAN on a modem with an Ethernet port on a computer or an Ethernet switch using the supplied Ethernet cable. Connect the power adapter and turn on the modem by pressing the " ON/OFF » on the modem.
Connecting a telephone set
Using the second cable supplied, connect the telephone to the jack PHONE on the splitter.
ADSL modem is configured in one of two ways: Bridge or in mode router.
Setting up an ADSL modem in BRIDGE mode
PPP client (Point-to-Point Protocol- the protocol for data transfer over a dial-up or dedicated communication channel between two participants in the connection) is configured on the computer.
Necessary basic modem settings:
VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) — O
VCI (Virtual Circuit Identifier) — 33
Encapsulation type — Bridged IP over ATM LLC SNAP (RFC1483)
Service category — UBR
Turn on mode — Bridge
To configure the modem, you must use the manufacturer's instructions, or the attached brief instructions for your modem (if any).
Setting up an ADSL modem in ROUTER mode
PPP client configured on the modem itself via the web interface.
1. Connect the modem to the splitter and the computer as shown in the diagram (see above).
Before the splitter, there should not be parallel connections of any devices on the line.
2. Before using the modem, it is strongly recommended that you read the user manual that came with your modem.
For the USB modem, install the driver (control program supplied with the modem on the CD-ROM disk) in accordance with the recommendations of the ADSL modem manufacturer.
Create a new or modify an existing network connection (Follow the following steps to set up a computer running Windows XP).
On the menu Start [start] select Settings and then Network connections [Network Connections].
In the window Network connections right click on " LAN connection
”, then select Properties.
On the tab " General» of this menu, highlight the item Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Click on the button Properties.
Set the options in the window Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
:
IP address:
192.168.1.2 (for D-Link 192.168.0.2 )
Subnet mask:
255.255.255.0
Main gate:
192.168.1.1
(for D-Link 192.168.0.1)
Primary DNS server address:
192.168.1.1
(for D-Link 192.168.0.1)
Secondary DNS Server Address:
8.8.8.8
3. To configure the modem, launch a web browser (Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Opera, Firefox, Safari)
Type in the address bar http://192.168.1.1
(for D-Link http://192.168.0.1 )
To access the modem configuration, enter the login and password for accessing the modem settings interface - usually this is admin / admin, Admin / Admin or admin / 1234
.
After that you will be taken to modem web interface.
When configuring the modem, set the following options.
DSL protocol — PPPoE(RFC2516)
DSL modulation — Automatic
Network Protocol — PPP over Ethernet LLCSNAP (RFC2516)
Peak Cell Rate — Use Line Rate
service category — UBR without PCR
Encapsulation Type — LLC/SNAP
VPI — 0
VCI — 33
User name (login)— Name provided by the operator at the conclusion of the contract
Password— Password provided by the operator at the conclusion of the contract
Save the modem settings configuration — Save settings.
ADSL (English Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line - asymmetric digital subscriber line) is a modem technology in which the available channel bandwidth is distributed asymmetrically between outgoing and incoming traffic. There are two groups of factors that affect ADSL quality parameters:
Impact of terminals and DSLAMs on PBX
ADSL technology provides for the technological independence of the parameters of the ADSL modem and provider equipment (DSLAM). The devices are different, so any inconsistency affects the quality of ADSL access. The inconsistency factor can manifest itself in the fact that the modem and DSLAM may not establish the most efficient mode of operation. Violations in the process of negotiating coding schemes and failures in the SNR diagnostic algorithm can lead to deterioration in the quality of the ADSL connection.
Influence of Subscriber Line Parameters
The most significant operational factor affecting ADSL quality parameters are the parameters of the subscriber cable pair. Since the subscriber cable and its parameters in most cases are not upgraded, but are already available to the provider in the form and condition in which it has survived to this day, this contains the weakest element of the ADSL technological chain. It's no secret that the wear and tear of subscriber lines is extremely high, especially in rural areas.
Let's consider which of the parameters are the most critical for the quality of ADSL.
The basic parameters of subscriber cables are the parameters that are used to certify the operator's cable system:
Specialized options:
Common cable problems
Heterogeneity in the cable adversely affects data transmission. Soldering is a very common phenomenon in Russian wiring. The transmitted signal across the tap branches and then reflects off the mismatched end of the tap. As a result, 2 signals appear on the receiver side: direct and reflected. Reflected in this case can be considered as noise, so its effect on the transmission quality is very noticeable.
The mutual influence of subscriber cables on each other is characterized by crosstalk. The impact on the transmission quality is very complex and has a random factor. For example, the mutual influence of one pair on another may potentially exist, but not manifest itself in any way. But if another ADSL user connects, the quality of both connections can be affected.
The main problems that arise when using an ADSL modem
Connection breaks
This is the most common and very common problem. The nature of the breaks can be different: logical breaks, in which the ADSL modem breaks the connection to the server, while the physical connection to the PBX does not disappear. And physical breaks - at which the physical connection with the PBX is interrupted.
With logical breaks it is necessary to check the modem, update the software (firmware) of the modem to the latest version, in some cases, checking the connection with another modem will help to identify the source of the problem. If all these recommendations did not help solve the problem, it is possible that it is on the side of the provider.
On physical breaks communication, first of all, it is necessary to check the connection scheme, the quality of the connection and the condition of the telephone cables.
We can independently check the modem's connection parameters on the line through the modem's web interface. To do this, you need to go to the address http://192.168.1.1 (in some brands of the modem 192.168.0.1, 192.168.10.1) specifying the login admin, the password admin (login/password may be different if it was changed during the modem setup).
Usually, information about connection parameters is located in the system information sections. The information content of the parameters depends on the brand and model of the modem and the software (firmware) version, for example, in D-link modems of the 25xx series, it looks like this:
The main parameters to pay attention to:
Parameters for diagnostics
Signal to noise ratio (SNR)- used as a criterion for assessing the state of the line and defines the minimum limit at which the signal level is higher than the noise level:
6dB and below - a bad line, there are synchronization problems;
7dB-10dB - failures are possible;
11dB-20dB - a good line, no problems with synchronization;
20dB-28dB is a very good line;
29dB and above is a great line.
Signal attenuation (Line Attenuation)- shows the attenuation of the signal in the line at the time of synchronization of the modem with the DSL switch. This setting depends on the length of the cable between the modem and the DSL switch:
up to 20 dB - excellent line
from 20 dB to 40 dB - working line
from 40 dB to 50 dB - failures are possible
50 dB to 60 dB - intermittent loss of synchronization
from 60 dB and above - equipment operation is impossible
Technique for Diagnosing a Disconnection Problem
We check the scheme of connecting the ADSL modem to the telephone line. A certain percentage of problems arise precisely because of the incorrectly assembled scheme for connecting the modem to the telephone line.
Correct wiring diagram
We check telephone wires for poor-quality connections (twisting, "noodles", poor crimping of connectors).
To exclude the possibility of the influence of connecting cables, a splitter on the quality of the connection, it is necessary to check the quality of the connection directly, i.e. connect the ADSL modem directly to the telephone socket.
We are trying to check the connection using another ADSL modem. This is especially worth doing if the ADSL modem has been in operation for more than 3-4 years.
If the above actions do not correct the situation, then you need to contact your provider for a detailed check of the telephone line.
Low speed
ADSL technology is outdated and not the fastest compared to FTTB (optics to the home), but there are areas where, due to the lack of alternative connection schemes, this type of connection is the only possible one. In the private sector, a new GPON technology is beginning to be introduced to replace ADSL connections. You can read more about it.
The problem of low speed can manifest itself in various situations. Conditionally, problems can be divided into several types:
physical- incorrect connection scheme, a problem with the telephone line, the remoteness of servers, the distance from the PBX to the modem, etc.,
software- problems with the software on the computer, incorrectly configured firewalls, antiviruses, peer-to-peer clients.
hardware- a weak wi-fi transmitter, problems with a network card, a problem with a router, etc.
In each case, the solution to the problem will be different, respectively, and troubleshooting methods will also differ.
When using an ADSL modem, a user without special technical knowledge can see for himself at what speed his ADSL modem connects. As mentioned earlier, to do this, just go to http://192.168.1.1. For example, on a 25xx series D-link modem, we can see the following:
Paying attention to parameter values Attainable rate (the maximum possible speed on the line). In our example, this is 26712 Kbps (26 Mbps), and Downstream rate (current connection speed) is 6141 Kbps (6 Mbps)
These figures tell us that the modem is connected at speeds up to 6 Mbps out of 25 Mbps possible. The speed equal to 6 Mbps is the speed value set on the DSLAM port and can be changed by a technical support person.
If you change the tariff from 6 Mbps to a higher speed, for example 15 Mbps, then in fact the speed will remain the same 6 Mbps until the station equipment (DSLAM) to which you are connected changes the port settings .
Important when using ADSL technology is the distance to the PBX to which you are connected. The farther you are from the PBX, the lower the connection speed you can get.
For example, with a distance to the PBX of 4-4.5 km, given the condition of the wiring, it is unlikely that you will be able to get a stable Internet at a speed of more than 2-3 Mbps.
Usually, users use speedtest.net, 2ip.ru, or the first available resource in search engine results to test speed. And if the speed indicators do not correspond to the declared tariff, they begin to file complaints about low speed.
In this situation, many users do not take into account many factors: from the location of the selected server used for the test to the network activity on the computer from which the test is performed.
Test results will be objective if:
- disable all applications that can use the Internet channel
- make sure that during testing there is no update of the operating system, antiviruses, other programs in which the auto-update mode is selected
- upload peer-to-peer clients (transmission, utorrent, skype, etc.)
- temporarily disable antivirus (especially if it is avast, kaspersky)
- check if the specified DNS servers are correct
- try to check the connection without using a proxy server
If the speed indicators on the test correspond to the selected tariff plan, but the pages load extremely slowly, you can try to restart the equipment: modem, router, switch, computer.
Slow upstream speed
Since ADSL technology is asymmetric, one more speed value - the outgoing speed (Upstream rate) will be much less than the incoming speed (Downstream rate). The asymmetry of ADSL implies the transfer of large amounts of information to the user and small amounts of information from the user. Usually, the contract with the provider states that the outgoing speed cannot exceed 800 Kbps. In real conditions - 600-700 Kbps.
Depending on the port settings on the DSLAM and ADSL modem, the state of the telephone line and the distance from the PBX, the outgoing speed can reach up to 1.5-2 Mbps.
So if we see Upstream rate 636 Kbps (0.6 Mbps) and Maintainable rate for upstream 1218 Kbps (1.2 Mbps), that is, the probability of increasing the outgoing speed upwards.
Pages do not load when using an ADSL modem
If you have problems opening pages, the indication on the ADSL modem will help you diagnose and identify the problem as quickly as possible. For example:
Some manufacturers of ADSL modems replace the inscriptions under the indicators with graphic symbols. In order to find out what the indication means, you need to refer to the user manual for the device.
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Connecting an ADSL modem and setting up an ADSL connection
To establish a connection to the Internet using ADSL technology, you must perform the following steps:
- Connect the ADSL modem to the telephone line;
Set up your computer.
Connecting ADSL equipment
Equipment required to connect to the Internet using ADSL technology:
a computer;
ADSL modem (hereinafter simply "modem");
splitter (microfilter);
a set of cables for connecting a computer to a modem and a modem to a telephone network.
Depending on the design of the modem (USB or Ethernet), before connecting, the network adapter (network card) or the driver for the USB modem (USB port) must be installed and working on the computer.
Equipment Connection Procedure
Connect the splitter to a telephone jack via the LINE connector using the telephone cable supplied with the modem;
Connect your telephone to the splitter via the PHONE connector;
Connect the modem to the splitter by connecting the MODEM connector on the splitter with a telephone cable to the DSL connector on the modem, using the telephone cable from the delivery set;
Connect your computer to your modem. The connection is made either by connecting the modem connector (ETH or LAN) and the computer's Ethernet interface (computer network card), or by connecting the modem to the computer's USB port using the supplied USB cable;
If necessary, connect additional telephones in parallel through microfilters that protect telephones from high-frequency modem signals.
Connecting an ADSL modem to a telephone line
A typical ADSL modem connection diagram is shown in the figure:
The ADSL splitter separates the voice signal frequencies (0.3 - 3.4 kHz) from the frequencies used by the ADSL modem (26 kHz - 1.4 MHz). Thus, the mutual influence of the modem and the telephone set is excluded.
Externally, the ADSL splitter is a small box with 3 RJ-11 connectors (telephone "Euro sockets"), which are designated as "Line", "Phone" and "Modem", . The telephone line from the city PBX is connected to the “Line” connector of the splitter. The telephone set is connected to the “Phone” connector of the splitter. Finally, the "ADSL" connector of the ADSL modem is connected to the "Modem" connector of the splitter.
Note: Depending on the modem model, the “ADSL” connector may be labeled differently, for example “DSL” or “xDSL”. Next, you need to connect the ADSL modem to the computer with an Ethernet cable. To do this, the Ethernet cable is connected at one end to the Ethernet connector of the ADSL modem, and at the other end to the computer's network card.
Connection diagram when using more than one telephone set
Those. The first device connected to the telephone line from the PBX must be an ADSL splitter, to which all other devices are connected. Otherwise, each telephone must be connected via a separate micro-splitter:
Connecting a computer to a modem
If your modem allows both Ethernet and USB connections, connect the appropriate ports on your computer and modem with the appropriate cable.
If you have a modem with only a USB port, then connect the USB port on the computer with a USB cable to the USB port on the modem.
After
After successfully connecting the modem to the computer and turning on the power, a DSL connection is established between your modem and the Provider's equipment. At the same time, the DSL indicator on the modem should light up and stay on.
Adjusting computer settings
To configure a PPPoE client in Windows XP, follow these steps in sequence:
For Windows
Click Start → Settings → Control Panel → Network Connections →<Мастер новых подключений>(Make new connection) → the Wizard (Wizard) will start, then follow the menu Wizard (Wizard) click Next (Next) → Connect to the Internet (Connect to Internet) → Set up a connection manually (Set up my connection manually) → Through a high-speed connection requesting username and password (Connect using a broadband connection that requires a user name and password) → In line<Имя поставщика услуг>(ISP Name) write PeterStar → In the field<Имя пользователя>(Login) write your login, in the field<Пароль>(Password) write the password from the sheet<Параметры для пользования Услугой>(received by you at the stage of service connection payment) → Finish → Connect.
Installing and configuring PPPoE is somewhat different for different operating systems of the Windows family.
Internet connection
To access the Internet, click on the icon.
After entering the login and password, press the OK button (Call).
In case of successful authentication, the connection is established.
Next, launch your web browser and type in the address www.ya.ru, you find yourself in the guest zone of the site " www.ya.ru”, where (using the login and password from the list<Параметры подключения>received at the stage of service connection payment) get access to the personal account management page.
On the personal account management page, following the activation instructions attached to the Multicards, activate the Multicards received at the stage of payment for the connection of the Service, and thereby replenish the personal account with the necessary amount of funds.
After replenishing the personal account, it is necessary<разорвать>and establish a network connection again, to do this, right-click on the icon<сеть>(dual screen image) in the bottom right corner of the Windows desktop and select<прервать>. After that, run the remote connection program again with your login and password and get full access to the Internet.
Requirements for the subscriber's computer
CPU 200MHz or higher
64MB RAM
network card with Ethernet 10Base-T interface (when connected via Ethernet cable) or USB (when connected via USB cable)
operating system Windows 95/98/2000/XP/NT 4.0 and above. Note: under Windows NT 4.0 operating system, only ADSL equipment with 10Base-T Ethernet interface is used
Configuring the TCP/IP protocol settings of the Ethernet network card to which the ADSL modem is connected. Features of the settings depend on the specific operating system (OS) installed on the computer and the access technology.
OS setup Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Millennium
First you need to open the network properties window:
Select the "Configuration" tab;
Select the element “TCP/IP” from the list (by clicking the left mouse button);
And finally, you need to enter the TCP / IP protocol parameters:
Select the "IP address" tab;
Select the "Gateway" tab;
If the window "Installed gateways" is not empty, then it is necessary to delete all elements in this window by pressing the "Delete" button;
Select the "DNS Configuration" tab;
Set the "Enable DNS" switch (by clicking the left mouse button on this switch);
Enter in the input field "Computer name" the network name of the computer saved earlier;
If the window, which is located under the input field “DNS server browsing order”, is not empty, then you need to delete all the elements in this window by pressing the “Delete” button;
Enter the IP address "195.5.61.70" in the input field "Order of viewing DNS servers" (no need to enter separating points);
Click on the "Add" button;
Click on the "OK" button;
Click on the "OK" button;
Restart your computer.
OS setup Windows 2000, Windows XP
First you need to open the properties window of the TCP / IP protocol:
Right-click on the "Network Neighborhood" icon on the desktop;
Select the "Properties" menu item;
In the window that appears, right-click on the network connection icon (if there are several network connections, then you need to click on the icon that corresponds to the network card connected to the ADSL modem);
Select the "Properties" menu item;
In the window that appears, select the item "Internet Protocol (TCP / IP)" from the list (by clicking the left mouse button);
Click on the "Properties" button.
Then you need to enter the TCP / IP protocol parameters:
Set the switch "Obtain an IP address automatically" (by clicking the left mouse button on this switch);
Set the switch "Use the following DNS server addresses:" (by clicking the left mouse button on this switch);
Enter the IP address “195.5.61.70” in the “Preferred DNS server” input field (no need to enter separating dots);
If necessary, clear the "Alternative DNS server" input field;
Click on the "OK" button;
Click on the "OK" button.
Modem settings
To configure the modem, it is enough to specify the following parameters in menu 4 -Internet Acceess Setup:
ISP's Name= killer
Encapsulation= RFC 1483
Multiplexing= LLC-based
VPI#=0
VCI #= 33
VPI #= 1
VCI #= 32
Operating procedure and troubleshooting.
1.Turn on the ADSL modem
After turning on the power, you must wait for the modem to boot, which takes about 30 seconds.
2. Verify that the Link ADSL LED of the ADSL modem is solid.
This LED indicates successful connection to the modem on the station side. During a connection attempt, this LED flashes. The connection is established in approximately 20-30 seconds. Once a connection has been established, this LED lights up continuously.
If the LinkADSL LED is off or blinking, the ADSL modem has failed to communicate with the modem on the station side. This can happen for the following reasons:
The presence of interference in the line or its breakage;
Splitter malfunction;
"Hangup" of the modem;
Poor contact in the connectors of telephone wires connected to the splitter and ADSL modem.
Pick up the handset of the seal telephone connected in parallel with the ADSL modem. The telephone buzzer (continuous beep) should be heard on the handset. If there is no buzzer, then connect the telephone set directly to the line, bypassing the splitter. If the buzzer appears, then the splitter is faulty, otherwise there is a line break. If the buzzer is heard against the background of strong interference (noise, crackling), then in this case there is interference in the line.
In the event of a line break or interference in the line, contact the technical support service.
If the buzzer is normal, then try connecting the ADSL modem directly to the line, bypassing the splitter. If after that the connection is established (the “ADSLLink” LED is continuously on), then the splitter is faulty.
If the connection still does not appear, try the following steps:
Reboot the modem by juggling the power;
Check the integrity of the telephone wires connecting the splitter and the ADSL modem;
Press the plugs of the telephone wires connected to the splitter and the ADSL modem into the connectors (it is possible that the plug is not fully inserted into the connector);
If these measures did not help, then you need to contact the technical support service.
3. Verify that the "Link LAN" LED of the ADSL modem is lit.
If this LED is off, then there is no communication between the ADSL modem and the computer via the Ethernet network. Try the following:
Check the integrity of the Ethernet cable connecting the computer and the ADSL modem;
Press the plug of the Ethernet cable connecting the computer and the ADSL modem into the connectors (it is possible that the plug is not fully inserted into the connector).
If the computer is running Windows 2000 or Windows XP, then for some reason the network interface can be disabled by software. In this case it is necessary:
Right-click on the "Network Neighborhood" icon on the desktop;
Select the "Properties" menu item;
Make sure that the network interface to which the ADSL modem is connected is enabled (below the name of the network connection there should be the line "Enabled").
If the network interface is disabled (the line "Disabled" is present), then you must:
Right-click on the network connection;
Select the "Enable" menu item.
If none of the above measures helped, then you need to contact the technical support service.
4. Log in to the Internet.
If one or another HTML page cannot be opened, then this does not mean that there is a malfunction. It is possible that the server on which the requested page is located is turned off or unavailable. Try to open pages located on other servers. If this failed, then try opening the page at www.ya.ru. If this page does not open, then you need to contact the technical support service.
ADSL stands for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line in English. There are several types of DSL connections: ADSL, HDSL, and VDSL. Based on all three options there is a telephone line.
What is ADSL
DSL technology was developed at a time when the telephone line became popular and appeared in every citizen of the country. In the late 80s and early 90s, the first version of the ADSL protocol appeared. She supported incoming traffic speed up to 1 Mbps, and outgoing - up to 8 Mbps.
ADSL was born thanks to Bellcore, which in the mid-eighties was looking for methods to create interactive TV. Further, the technology was adopted by service providers of access to the World Wide Web. Thus, the first devices that transmit and receive signals appeared - ADSL modems.
Asymmetrical line today used in outlying areas where it is not possible to use other wired technology or wireless communication via 3/4G USB modems
ADSL technology - how it works
The first word in the name - asymmetric - implies that it is used uneven distribution telephone line between receiving and sending data.
In this case, the incoming traffic has a higher bandwidth than the outgoing traffic. Earlier we mentioned approximate figures - the difference in speed can be up to eight times the value.
The use of a telephone line as a means of data transmission implies that ADSL uses another frequency in cables. This fact allows you to use the phone and the Internet at the same time, without interfering with each other.
Sometimes there are situations in which the use of a telephone core for two directions leads to certain interference, but such cases are rare and are associated with improper cable shielding.
The signal comes from the provider and comes to the end user on special equipment - a modem. It translates the incoming data stream into a digital value.
Used equipment
As with any technology, ADSL also uses special equipment and components. Let's take a closer look at the example circuit below.
The signal coming from the telephone socket is initially sent to a special device - splitter. He divides it into telephone and high frequency. The first goes directly to the communication device, and the second to the translator. In turn, the network device processes the incoming analog stream into a digital one. After this operation, the data can be processed by the operating system of the user's end device: for example, a workstation or a tablet.
ADSL modem
The network device is the entry point of the analog data stream. He can convert signal in both directions at the same time, which allows you to use the bandwidth more efficiently.
Pure ADSL modems are almost no longer produced, as there is more modern network equipment - routers. They will be discussed below.
ADSL cable
The cable is a wire with an RJ-12 connector. It is used to connect a telephone line to a modem.
Contains four cores, through which an analog signal is transmitted to the input and output.
Routers
Improved modem. It is a device capable of not only receive and transmit signal to the end user, but also route traffic within the local network.
Using an ADSL router, a user can connect multiple devices to gain access to the World Wide Web.
Today, most ADSL routers have a built-in WiFi module, which allows you to connect mobile devices to the Internet.
Splitters and microfilters
To separate the signal coming through the telephone line for the modem and telephone, a special filter is used - a splitter.
The principle of operation is the following. One incoming signal - several outgoing. The simplest example of a splitter is shown in the screenshot above. It can split up to 16 signals at most.
Microfilters needed to create two parallel signals. This allows you to use ADSL Internet and phone at the same time, without creating interference in the line.
Other equipment
There are other devices that are used to create a connection to the "world wide web" based on ADSL technology.
For example, a user has only an ADSL modem but wants to use wireless at home. He will have to purchase additional router withWi— fimodule. It connects via an Ethernet port to a modem.
The second common option. There is an office space where access to the global network is organized through ADSL technology. To provide Internet in each room you need to purchase switches and router. The first ones are installed separately in each office, and the router will correctly route data within the local network.
Basic connection steps
First of all, we connect the telephone cable going into the room through a splitter. Coming from connector Phone we bring the wire to the phone, and from ADSL– to network equipment.
The next step is to connect the ADSL device to the power supply and connect it to the workstation via an Ethernet cable.
In the last step, the user setting up network equipment in accordance with the instructions provided by the provider.
Maximum ADSL Speed
The data transfer rate when using ADSL depends on the standard used by the provider. The last option is ADSL2++. The data can be summarized in one table.
The information presented above is theoretical, i.e. specified values are achieved under ideal conditions. In fact, 13-15% of the speed is lost when the signal passes from the provider to the end point. This fact is due to the technical characteristics of the equipment used.
Also, do not forget about other subscribers. The signal comes from a single point of exit of the service provider. Many other clients are connected to it, respectively, the total speed value begins to be divided into equal parts.
Advantages and disadvantages of technology
Benefits of using ADSL technology:
- Subscribers receive high frequency access service to the "world wide web" without laying additional cables in the room.
- Organize a global network can be used almost anywhere where there is a telephone line.
- Initial financial expenses on connection below some other methods.
- high download speed files for the end client.
- Using modern network equipment, the client can set up a wireless network.
Disadvantages:
- Exist more modern solutions Internet connections that provide high download speeds.
- Technology gives away most of the channel for incoming traffic, and the outgoing one is several times lower. Accordingly, sending larger files to another subscriber will take a long time.
- Signal quality and stability depends on telephone line which is not designed for high frequency signals.
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